How Photovoltaic Cell or Solar Cell works?

 A photovoltaic cell, also known as a solar cell, converts sunlight directly into electricity through a process known as the photovoltaic effect.


The photovoltaic effect is a process where photons from the sun's energy interact with electrons in a semiconductor material, such as silicon, within the cell. When the photons strike the semiconductor material, they can knock electrons out of their atoms, creating a flow of electrons, or current.


The solar cell is made up of layers of semiconductor materials. When sunlight hits the cell, some of the photons are absorbed by the semiconductor material, which creates free electrons and holes in the material. The electric field within the cell then separates these electrons and holes, causing them to move in opposite directions. This generates an electrical current within the cell, which can be used to power electrical devices.

The electrical current produced by a single solar cell is usually very small, so multiple solar cells are connected together to form a solar panel. The solar panel can then be connected to an inverter, which converts the direct current (DC) produced by the solar panel into alternating current (AC), which is suitable for use in homes and businesses.

Overall, solar cells allow for the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity, making them a valuable source of renewable energy.

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